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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 1:21 am
Time: 1:21 am
Results for bias-related crime
6 results foundAuthor: Mitchum, Preston Title: Beyond Bullying: How Hostile School Climate Perpetuates the School-to-Prison Pipeline for LGBT Youth Summary: School discipline policies have been under heightened scrutiny by the U.S. Department of Education because of the disparate impact they have on students of color. Data released last spring by the Office for Civil Rights, or OCR, revealed that rigid school discipline policies - which lead to suspensions and expulsions of students for even the most minor offenses - perpetuate a school-to-prison pipeline that disproportionately criminalizes students of color and students with disabilities. Last month, the U.S. Department of Education released "Guiding Principles: A Resource Guide For Improving School Climate and Discipline," the first time federal agencies have offered legal guidelines to address and reduce racial discrimination and disproportionality in schools. This guidance makes tremendous strides in reporting on the stark racial disparities in school discipline, however, missing from this groundbreaking work are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, or LGBT, youth - who are also disproportionately affected by harsh school discipline policies - due to the dearth of data to illuminate their experiences. All too often, LGBT youth are pushed out of the classroom as a result of a hostile school climate. When an LGBT youth is tormented in school by classmates and is emotionally or physically harmed, or even worse, driven to suicide, the news media rightly shines a spotlight on the situation. And while bullying grabs the headlines, as it should, it is only a portion of the story when it comes to LGBT youth feeling unwelcome and less than safe in school. To be certain, peer-on-peer bullying is an important factor that influences school climate and has been linked to poor health, well-being, and educational outcomes. But research suggests that harsh school discipline policies also degrade the overall school experience and cycle LGBT youth and students of color into the juvenile justice system at alarming rates. The role that overly harsh school discipline policies and adults in schools play in setting school climate is often overlooked. School discipline policies and the application of those rules set the tone for the school environment and shape the experiences for students of color and LGBT youth. Studies suggest that the actions (or inactions) of adults in schools associated with school climate - issues that go beyond bullying - have the potential to derail youth, particularly LGBT youth, and push them into a cycle of unfair criminalization that has lifelong consequences: - LGB youth, particularly gender-nonconforming girls, are up to three times more likely to experience harsh disciplinary treatment by school administrators than their non-LGB counterparts. - As with racial disparities in school discipline, higher rates of punishment do not correlate with higher rates of misbehavior among LGBT youth. - LGB youth are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system; they make up just 5 percent to 7 percent of the overall youth population, but represent 15 percent of those in the juvenile justice system. - LGBT youth report significant distrust of school administrators and do not believe that school officials do enough to foster safe and welcoming school climates. Safe and welcoming school climates are essential to achieving positive educational outcomes for all youth, especially students of color and LGBT youth who often face harassment, bias, and discrimination at school based on their race, sexual orientation, and gender identity or expression. In this report, we examine the disparate impact of harsh school discipline and the policing of schools on students of color and LGBT youth, as well as the role that adults in schools play in perpetuating hostile school climates for those youth. Furthermore, we explain why it is important that discipline policies are fair and supportive, rather than punitive and criminalizing, and foster healthy learning environments in which all students can excel. Details: Washington, DC: Center for American Progress, 2014. 39p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 9, 2014 at: http://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/BeyondBullying.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://cdn.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/BeyondBullying.pdf Shelf Number: 133191 Keywords: Bias-Related CrimeDiscriminationLGBT YouthRacial DisparitiesSchool Bullying (U.S.)School DisciplineSchool-to-Prison Pipeline |
Author: Williams, Matthew Title: All Wales Hate Crime Research Project Summary: This research study forms part of the All Wales Hate Crime Project, which was funded by Big Lottery (2010 - 2013) and led by Race Equality First in partnership with Cardiff University. The primary aim of the research was to generate robust data on both the nature of hate crime and hate-related incidents in Wales and the impact of that victimisation on individuals, their families and local communities. The study focuses on the 5 protected characteristics for hate crime recognised by the Home Office: - Disability; - Race & Ethnicity; - Religion & Belief; - Sexual Orientation, and - Transgender Status/ Gender Identity. However, the Project also recognises the existence of hate crime victimisation on the basis of age and gender and both of these identity characteristics are included and examined in the study1. The wide-ranging scope of the research ensures it has generated the most comprehensive dataset on hate crime victimisation in the UK at the date of publication. Details: Cardiff, Wales: Race Equality First and Cardiff University, 2013. 225p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 10, 2014 at: http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/research/publications/Time%20for%20Justice-All%20Wales%20Hate%20Crime%20Project.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/research/publications/Time%20for%20Justice-All%20Wales%20Hate%20Crime%20Project.pdf Shelf Number: 133271 Keywords: Bias-Related CrimeHate Crimes (Wales, U.K.)Victimization |
Author: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Title: Violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Persons in the Americas Summary: The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights today is publishing a regional report on the violence perpetrated against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and intersex (LGBTI) persons or those perceived as LGBTI; persons with non-normative sexual orientations or gender identities and expressions; or those whose bodies differ from the socially accepted male or female standard. Some countries in the region have made significant progress in recognizing the rights of LGBTI persons, but there are still high rates of violence in all countries of the region. As the many testimonies included in the report show, this violence tends to be extremely brutal and cruel. Moreover, the everyday violence that affects LGBTI persons is often invisible, as it is not reported to the authorities or covered by the media. The report focuses on violence against LGBTI persons as a complex and multifaceted social phenomenon and not just as an isolated incident or individual act. For example, violence against intersex persons is based on prejudice toward body diversity and specifically toward those whose bodies differ from what is considered male or female. The violence suffered by intersex persons for the most part is different from that suffered by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) persons. Many acts of violence against LGBT persons - often known as hate crimes -are better understood as part of the concept of violence based on prejudice toward non-normative sexualities and identities. Different sexual orientations and identities challenge fundamental heteronormative notions about sex, sexuality, and gender. In this sense, violence and sexual violence against LGBT persons are used to punish and denigrate those who do not fit into these concepts because of their sexual orientation or gender identity or expression. This violence also has a symbolic impact, as it sends a message of terror to the entire LGBT community. The report addresses the varied forms of violence against each of these population groups. According to the Registry of Violence against LGBT Persons, which the IACHR maintained for a 15-month period in 2013 and 2014, gay men and trans women account for the majority of the victims of killings and acts of police abuse. Lesbian women and bisexual persons are particularly affected by intrafamily violence and sexual violence. Trans women, for their part, are the group most affected by police violence, especially in the context of sex work. In the vast majority of cases, they are caught up in a cycle of violence, discrimination, and criminalization which tends to begin at a very early age, because of the exclusion and violence they suffer in their homes, educational centers, and communities; this is reinforced by the lack of legal recognition of their gender identity in most countries of the region. Meanwhile, the violence that affects intersex persons is very different. Intersex children are often forced to undergo surgical operations and procedures that, for the most part, are not medically necessary, for the sole purpose of changing their genitals to look more like those of a boy or a girl. These surgeries, which are irreversible in nature, tend to be done without their consent - on newborn babies or very young children—and can cause enormous harm to intersex persons, including chronic pain, loss of genital sensitivity, sterilization, trauma, and reduced ability or inability to feel sexual pleasure. The report also analyzes how the situation of violence faced by LGBTI persons intersects with other factors such as ethnicity, race, sex, gender, migration situation, status as a human rights defender, and poverty. These groups can suffer an unending cycle of violence and discrimination caused by impunity and lack of access to justice. For example, there is a strong link between poverty, exclusion, and violence. LGBT persons who live in poverty are more vulnerable to police profiling and harassment, and therefore to higher rates of criminalization and incarceration. Likewise, LGBT young people generally have limited access to housing, which increases their risk of becoming victims of violence. Details: Washington, DC: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 2015. 284p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 26, 2016 at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/ViolenceLGBTIPersons.pdf Year: 2015 Country: International URL: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/ViolenceLGBTIPersons.pdf Shelf Number: 140038 Keywords: Bias-Related CrimeGays, Lesbians and BisexualsGays, Violence againstLesbians, Violence againstSexual Minorities |
Author: Great Britain. Home Office Title: Action Against Hate: The UK Government's plan for tackling hate crime Summary: 1. Hate crime has a particularly harmful effect on its victims, as it seeks to attack an intrinsic part of who they are or who they are perceived to be: their race, religion, sexual orientation, disability or transgender identity. The previous Government's plan to tackle hate crime (Challenge It, Report It, Stop It, 2012) delivered real improvements in the way in which hate crime can be reported as well as improving understanding within the Police Service of the impact that hate crime can have on communities. Specific changes following that plan include: - the publication, for the first time, of detailed findings from the Crime Survey for England and Wales on the extent of hate crime victimisation in England and Wales; - an improvement in the police recording of hate crime - requiring police forces to capture data on recorded hate crimes under all five of the monitored strands, and publishing that data as Official Statistics; - the funding of a number of projects with voluntary sector organisations working with victims of hate crime under the Ministry of Justice's Victim and Witness Fund; and - amended legislation to provide for enhanced sentencing in a wider range of crimes, including for the first time a victim's transgender identity as an aggravating factor. 2. According to the independent Crime Survey for England and Wales, there were an estimated 222,000 hate crimes on average each year from 2012/13 to 2014/15. This represents a decrease of 56,000 since the previous period covered by the survey. However, despite an increase in the number of hate crimes recorded by the police - from 44,471 in 2013/14 to 52,528 in 2014/15 - the difference between police figures and the crime survey show that hate crimes continue to be significantly underreported. 3. Hate crime victims are more likely to suffer repeat victimisation, more likely to suffer serious psychological impacts as a result, and less likely than the victims of other crime to be satisfied with the police response. 4. This Action Plan focuses five key areas to tackle hate crime from beginning to end - from understanding the drivers of hate crime and dealing with its causes to providing improved support to victims: - Preventing hate crime by challenging the beliefs and attitudes that can underlie such crimes. We will work to give young people and teachers the tools to tackle hatred and prejudice, including through a new programme to equip teachers to facilitate conversations about 'difficult topics' and carry out a new assessment of the level of anti-Muslim, antisemitic, homophobic, racist and other bullying in schools to inform further action to reduce levels of such bullying. We will continue to work with community partners such as the Anne Frank Trust and Streetwise to deliver educational projects that help young people challenge prejudice and discrimination. - Responding to hate crime in our communities with the aim of reducing the number of hate crime incidents. This includes the introduction of a L2.4m funding scheme for security measures at vulnerable faith institutions, measures to tackle hate crime on public transport and in the night-time economy by providing training, raising awareness and making reporting easier, and establishing three community demonstration projects to explore new ways of tackling hate crime in local communities. We will also take action against online hate crime, including a ministerial seminar with social media companies and counter-narrative work. - Increasing the reporting of hate crime, through improving the reporting process, encouraging the use of third party reporting and working with groups who may under-report, such as disabled people, Muslim women, the Charedi community, transgender people, Gypsy, Traveller and Roma communities, and new refugee communities. We will work with the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to ensure that perpetrators are punished, and to publicise successful prosecutions to encourage people to have the confidence that when they report hate crime, action will be taken. - Improving support for the victims of hate crime. We will continue to improve the use of Victim Personal Statements to ensure that victims of hate crime have their voices heard. The CPS will produce new guidance on community impact statements for hate crime, reflecting that hate crime can have an impact beyond individual victims and lead to increased feelings of isolation or fear across whole communities. And to improve the experience of witnesses at court, the CPS will conduct a joint review with the police of Witness Care Units. - Building our understanding of hate crime through improved data, including the disaggregation of hate crimes records by religion. Our Extremism Analysis Unit will conduct a review into neo-Nazi networks and we will continue to develop our networks and relationships with academics to identify opportunities for collaboration, to ensure that we are able to learn from academic insights into hate crime and the ways of combating it. 5. Underlying the plan are two key themes - working in partnership with communities and joining up work across the hate crime strands to ensure that best practice in tackling hate crime is understood and drawn upon in all our work 6. The actions set out in this document have been developed through discussions with those communities most affected by hate crime. It is those communities and the organisations that represent them that often respond to hate crime at the local level, working to tackle hate crime in their area and provide support to victims. 7. This Action Plan represents a partnership between the Government, the criminal justice agencies (the Police Service, the CPS, the courts and the National Offender Management Service) and community groups representing those affected by hate crime. It has been developed with the support of the Independent Advisory Group on hate crime. 8. Delivery of the Action Plan will be overseen by a project board that brings together the criminal justice agencies and relevant government departments as well as the Independent Advisory Group on hate crime. Details: London: Home Office, 2016. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 19,. 2016 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/543679/Action_Against_Hate_-_UK_Government_s_Plan_to_Tackle_Hate_Crime_2016.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/543679/Action_Against_Hate_-_UK_Government_s_Plan_to_Tackle_Hate_Crime_2016.pdf Shelf Number: 140352 Keywords: Bias-Related CrimeHate CrimesRacial Discrimination |
Author: Walters, Mark A. Title: Transphobic hate crime and perceptions of the criminal justice system Summary: EXCUTIVE SUMMARY - Trans* people were significantly more likely than non-trans LGB people to have been a direct victim of hate crime involving physical assaults, physical assaults with weapons, verbal abuse, and online abuse. - Trans* people were significantly more likely than non-trans LGB people to have been an indirect victim of hate crime involving physical assaults, physical assaults with weapons, verbal abuse, and online abuse. - Anti-LGBT hate crime is highly repetitive in nature for trans* people, meaning that most trans* individuals experience multiple incidents of abuse each year. - Anti-LGBT hate crime has significant impacts upon trans* people's emotions (fear, anxiety and anger) and behaviours (avoidance and proaction). - Both direct and indirect experiences of anti-LGBT hate crime effect trans* individuals' attitudes towards the police, CPS and the government more broadly. Specifically, most trans* people believed the Government should do more to combat anti-LGBT hate crimes, they felt that the police are less effective and respectful, and they have less confidence in the CPS to prosecute anti-LGBT hate crimes. Details: Brighton, UK: University of Sussex, 2015. 22p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 1, 2016 at: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/62234/1/Transgender%20hate%20crime%20report%20-%20HoC%20inquiry.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/62234/1/Transgender%20hate%20crime%20report%20-%20HoC%20inquiry.pdf Shelf Number: 145784 Keywords: Bias-Related CrimeHate CrimesLGBT |
Author: Wasik, Mateusz Title: Hate Crime in Poland 2012-2016 Summary: This report has been prepared for the 3rd cycle of the Universal Periodic Review and covers the issue of protection from hate crimes (racist, xenophobic, homophobic and disablist violence) and hate speech in Poland in the years 2012- 2016. Authors refer to the recommendations accepted by Poland in the 2nd cycle of the Universal Periodic Review which have not been implemented yet. Main reasons for lack of their implementation are also presented. The report raises key issues and provides indications of some areas of concern. Specifically the report highlights: ï€ gaps in the protection of LGBT people and people with disabilities due to a lack of gender identity, disability and sexual orientation in the list of protected grounds in the hate crime provisions of the Polish Criminal Code; ï€ gaps in protection of refugees and people perceived to be refugees due to narrow understanding of the protected grounds related to race, national and ethnic origin and religion; ï€ under-reporting and under-recording of hate crimes due to low confidence in Police, low capacity of Police officers to recognize hate crimes and lack of coordination between different authorities responsible for collecting data on cases that are Policed, prosecuted and sentenced; ï€ gaps in victim rights and victim support system as there is no developed specific, publicly-funded support addressed to victims of hate crimes; ï€ lack of effective bodies which would provide forum for regular discussion and exchange of information between all stakeholders involved in countering hate crimes, i.e. authorities, Police, prosecution services, and victim support service providers. 2. To further improve the work on countering hate crime in Poland and ensure compliance of the Polish Criminal Code, other laws and relevant policies with international human rights standards and good practices, the authors make the following key recommendations to the Polish government: a. add sex, gender identity, disability and sexual orientation to the list of protected grounds in hate crime and hate speech provisions in the Criminal Code; b. amend the Criminal Code to ensure that all types of offences committed with a bias motive are investigated ex officio and attract higher penalties than crimes committed without such a motive; c. conduct awareness-raising campaign about hate crimes, particularly those based on sexual orientation, gender identity and disability; d. set up publicly funded third-party and online hate crime reporting facilities; e. introduce a system in the National Prosecutor’s Office and the Ministry of Justice where hate crime data are captured based on motivation and not legal qualification; f.conduct regular hate crime victimization surveys; g. provide a regular, well-grounded and funded consultation forum on hate crime with participation of government officials, Police, prosecutors, judges and NGOs h. ensure sufficient grounding, funding and staffing for the unit within the Ministry of Interior and Administration responsible for hate crime policy and data collection, as well as the Commissioner for Human Rights. Details: Warsaw: Lambda Warsaw, 2016. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 2, 2016 at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-M0IV58Ues6OTBxN0R3am5WTmc/view Year: 2016 Country: Poland URL: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B-M0IV58Ues6OTBxN0R3am5WTmc/view Shelf Number: 146789 Keywords: Bias-Related CrimeCrime StatisticsHate Crimes |